Summary

Compared to global demographic situations, significance of Georgia is that in terms of population accounting, Georgia is similar to developed countries and in terms of outer migration is similar to less developed countries for 2016 January 1 number of population of Georgia compared to 1999 reduced by 1730 (↓31.7%) and is – 3720.4. Population reduced in cities as well as in villages but reduction of population mostly affected villages, its population reduced by 33.9%, while in case of cities it reduced by 28.9%.

Every year number of depopulated villages increases. Only after 2002 until 2014 more than 60 village of Georgia was depopulated and it got 223. Demographic aging in Georgia occurred as far as 1959, during “baby boom” when part of the population over age 65 was 7.7% of whole population. With this official indicator life expectancy age 72.7 was equal to current age – 73.0, and it means that, this indicator was characterized by stagnation in 1960-2014.

According to J. Calo and J. Chesne method of assessing of the intensity level of demographic aging by our accounting, population was aged by 6.7 year during 1960-2014 period. This could be positive if population median age had not been increased, but compared to 2002 for 2014 it increased by more 2 year and surpassed 39, but according to United States central intelligence division data it is 40,7 year. According to median age Georgia exceeds Armenia by 5.2 year, Federal district of north Caucasus of Russian federation average indicator (30.5) – by 7.1 year, Azerbaijan – by 9.2 year, Turkey – by 9.3, and average global median age – by 8.5.

After gaining independency, speed of outer migration from the country for 2002 led to demographic aging to 12.8%, and for 2015 it was 13.9%, but according to expert estimations it is higher – 15.9%. This means that from 1992 in the process of demographic aging as an outer migration there was involved a new third demographic component. Number of labor migrants of age 20-50 is nearly two times more than population of the same age left in the country. From more than 1.7 million migrants who left the country, by estimated calculation it is expected that 800 thousand person will not return. For today already deformed, structure of regressed age population will get worse. As a result of reduction of birth rate for 2030, in whole number of population, the amount of population under 15 will reduce to 16.4% and part of the population over 65 will increase to 16.9%. This means that they will get equal, which show high aging of population. Demographic aging for 2030 compared with critical level will be 2.4 times more and with the reduction of birth rate, it will be defined by expected increase of life expectancy on one hand and on the other hand by the return of immigrants over 65. On this background, a part of disabled population reduces to 66.6%, which will cause some problems for the demography and social economic development of the country. High intensity of demographic aging is mostly characteristic to mountain regions.